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pISSN: 2466-0418
한국암각화연구, Vol.25 (2021)
pp.29~67
- 충주 조동리 선사유적과 고고학적 위상 -
충주 조동리유적은 남한강변 충적대지 위에 발달된 자연제방에 입지한 청동기시대 마을이 중 심을 이루며, 청동기층 아래에 신석기층이 존재하는 선사유적이다. 조사는 청동기층을 중심으로 이루어졌는데, 여기에서 집터･불땐자리･움･웅덩이･도랑 등 92기의 생활유구를 조사하였다. 신석 기층에서는 불땐자리 1기가 찾아졌다. 이 글에서는 조동리유적에서 조사된 청동기･신석기시대의 다양한 유구와 유물을 살피고 이를 통해 조동리유적의 고고학적 위상을 찾아보고자 한다. 청동기시대 집터구조는 전형적인 가락동유형으로 분류되나, 집터 출토 유물은 미사리식･역삼 동식토기와 동북형 석기가 출토되어 가락동유형과는 차이를 보이고 있다. 이는 충주를 중심으로 한 남한강유역의 지역적 특색이 반영된 청동기시대 집터로 학계에서는 최근 “조동리유형”으로 새 롭게 분류하여 타 유형과 구별하고 있다. 또한 돌보습･돌낫･반달돌칼 등 농경도구와 함께 집터와 움에서 쌀･밀･보리･수수･기장 등 탄화된 곡식낟알이 다량 검출되어 농경활동이 활발하게 이루어 졌음을 짐작케 한다. 아울러 많은 양의 그물추와 화살촉, 복숭아씨･도토리 등의 열매 출토는 당시 사람들의 식량획득 수단이 다양하였음을 보여준다. 신석기층에서 조사된 불땐자리는 평면 타원형의 돌무지 형태로 6,200±40BP, 6,140±40BP의 연대값을 얻었다. 이 불땐자리와 같은 층에서 japonica형 볍씨가 출토되었고, 빗살무늬토기에서 벼의 규소체가 검출되어 농경의 존재를 가늠하여 볼 수 있다.
The Jodong-ni Prehistoric site in Chungju and its Status in Archaeology
The Jodong-ni site, Chungju was investigated by the Chungbuk National University Museum(CBNUM) who had been carrying out continuous research in the area to be submerged area by construction of t he Chungju Dam. Thanks to financial help from the Chungju City, the CBNUM conducted 3 full-scale excavation in 1996, 1997 and 2001, which revealed intact 92 life features in the Bronze age and 1 fire place in the Neolithic providing important information to reconstruct the culture in t hose o ld times. Moreover, it received a lot of academic attention that there was unearthed many grains(cereal) from the site. As the cultural layers were radiocarbon-dated 3,000 years ago in the Bronze and 8,000 years ago in the Neolithic, the grains have provided pivotal material in research on the prehistoric agriculture in Korea. Among 3 cultural l ayers in t he B ronze, 9 house p its belonged to the lower layer in 2,715 years ago. While square-rectangular shape is dominant, round infinite shape was also found. The cultural layer is recognized the main phase in human occupation at the site. It is the very important in study of the Bronze culture to have the intact house pits containing various tools and food resources, cereal. The people dwelling in the village are thought living on wheat as well as rice. It is very encouraging that recent research has classified the “Jodong-ni type”. In add ition to the preestablished Garak-ni - Heunam-ni type and Hyuam-ni – Songguk-ni type, argument on the new “Jodong-ni type” must continue that the site can be recognized properly in the academic field. It i s also very important that there were found as many as 57 fire places which were essential in living at the village in the Bronze age. Considering the number, 57, compared with 9 house pits, t here was a significant living environment a t the Jod ong-ni. It has been fortunate that the Chungju City recognized importance of the Jodong-ni site i n reconstructing t he l ife i n the old ages. As t he p lan for site r econstruction was already well established with consideration of the city, only a little more effort would be needed. Then, the perfectly reconstructed village in the prehistory will complete a great tour course connected with the Chungju Dam and Jung-ang Stupa.